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How Stretching Types Impact Performance

Woman stretching her legs Kaizen Naturals

Kelsey Schaefer |

There are different types of stretching styles and each play different roles in your performance. Research has shown that stretching properly before and after activity is crucial to reducing injuries and improving your overall health.

Static Stretching vs. Dynamic Stretching

What is the difference? Static stretching is holding a specific stretch for a longer period (typically 10-60 seconds) whereas dynamic stretching is essentially stretching with controlled movement in which the muscle is moved through its full range of motion. Static stretching has been a highly debatable topic in the sports and fitness world, and the research has shown that prolonged static stretching before a workout could actually weaken performance. This has drawn more people to shift to a larger emphasis on dynamic stretching; however this solely depends on your goal with how you want your body to perform.

What is your goal?

If your sole purpose is to gain more flexibility, range of motion (ROM), and relieving joint stress, then static stretching is the right path for you. If your goal is sports and fitness based performance, the research leans toward dynamic stretching. As a side note, post workout dynamic stretching is recommended to reduce activity related injuries.

The findings on static stretching show a small reduction in athletic performance because, by lengthening the muscle pre-exercise, it reduces the amount of power and force that can be generated.

What is right for you?

You need to understand what you are training for and how you want the results to be focused. As individuals, we are all on different paths and we need to understand how to optimize what is right for us at this given moment.

Take the time and properly plan out your goals, your activities, and your training routine and with that information you can choose the right type of stretching to meet your specific needs. Typical stretching routines average around 5-10 minutes, however the overall warm up phase of your workout could also include a light cardio, mobility drills, and movements with rubber bands.

Jeff Cody is a plant-based certified personal trainer and nutritionist.

References:
Behm D, Blazevich A, Kay A, McHugh M. Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism [serial online]. January 2016;41(1):1-11. Available from: SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 17, 2017.
Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal Of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2633-2651. doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1879-
Clark, M., & Lucett, S. (2010). NASM essentials of sports performance training. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Clark, M., Lucett, S., & Sutton, B. G. (2014). NASM essentials of corrective exercise training. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Kay, A. D., & Blazevich, A. J. (2012, 01). Effect of Acute Static Stretch on Maximal Muscle Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(1), 154-164. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318225cb27
Rossi, L., Pereira, R., Simão, R., Brandalize, M., & Gomes, A. (2010, 01). Influence of Static Stretching Duration on Quadriceps Force Development and Eletromyographic Activity. Human Movement, 11(2). doi:10.2478/v10038-010-0020-4
Shrier, I. 2004. Does stretching improve performance? A systematic and critical review of the literature. Clin. J. Sport Med. 14: 267–273. doi:10.1097/00042752-200409000-00004. PMID:15377965.